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References for the role of iron in modulating
the virulence of human pathogens





Cruz-Castañeda A, López-Casamichana M, Olivares-Trejo JJ. Entamoeba histolytica secretes two haem-binding proteins to scavenge haem. Biochem J. 2011 Jan 27;434(1):105-11. PMID: 21126234

Reyes-López M, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Avila EE, de la Garza M. Acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (EhADH2) and clathrin are involved in internalization of human transferrin by Entamoeba histolytica. Microbiology. 2011 Jan;157(Pt 1):209-19. Epub 2010 Sep 16. PMID: 20847004

Tan S, Noto JM, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM Jr, Amieva MR (2011) Helicobacter pylori Perturbs Iron Trafficking in the Epithelium to Grow on the Cell Surface. PLoS Pathog 7(5): e1002050. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002050

Cruz-Castañeda A, Hernández-Sánchez J, Olivares-Trejo JJ. Cloning and identification of a gene coding for a 26-kDa hemoglobin-binding protein from Entamoeba histolytica. Biochimie. 2009 Mar;91(3):383-9. Epub 2008 Nov 12. PMID: 19041684

López-Soto F, González-Robles A, Salazar-Villatoro L, León-Sicairos N, Piña-Vázquez C, Salazar EP, de la Garza M Entamoeba histolytica uses ferritin as an iron source and internalises this protein by means of clathrin-coated vesicles. Int J Parasitol. 2009 Mar;39(4):417-26. Epub 2008 Sep 25. PMID: 18848948


Vendt N, Kool P, Teesalu K, Lillemäe K, Maaroos HI, Oona M. Iron deficiency and Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Acta Paediatr. 2011 Mar 21. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02281.x.  PMID: 2143499

Espinosa A, Perdrizet G, Paz-Y-Miño C G, Lanfranchi R, Phay M. Effects of iron depletion on Entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (EhADH2) and trophozoite growth: implications for antiamoebic therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Apr;63(4):675-8. PMID: 19218278

León-Sicairos N, Reyes-López M, Ordaz-Pichardo C, de la Garza M. Microbicidal action of lactoferrin and lactoferricin and their synergistic effect with metronidazole in Entamoeba histolytica. Biochem Cell Biol. 2006 Jun;84(3):327-36. PMID: 16936803

Murray MJ, Murray A, Murray CJ. The salutary effect of milk on amoebiasis and its reversal by iron.
Br Med J. 1980 Jun 7;280(6228):1351-2. PMID: 7388537

Murray MJ, Murray AB, Murray CJ. An ecological interdependence of diet and disease? A study of infection in one tribe consuming two different diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Mar;33(3):697-701. PMID: 7355850

Makkar RP, Sachdev GK, Malhotra V. Alcohol consumption, hepatic iron load and the risk of amoebic liver abscess: a case-control study. Intern Med. 2003 Aug;42(8):644-9. PMID: 12924485

Reyes-López M, Serrano-Luna JJ, Negrete-Abascal E, León-Sicairos N, Guerrero-Barrera AL, de la Garza M. Entamoeba histolytica: transferrin binding proteins. Exp Parasitol. 2001 Nov;99(3):132-40. PMID: 11846523

Kabyemela ER, Fried M, Kurtis JD, Mutabingwa TK, Duffy PE. Decreased susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women with iron deficiency. J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 15;198(2):163-6. PMID: 18500927

Smith HJ, Meremikwu M. Iron chelating agents for treating malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001474. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD001474.PMID: 10796645

Gordeuk VR, Thuma PE, McLaren CE, Biemba G, Zulu S, Poltera AA, Askin JE, Brittenham GM. Transferrin saturation and recovery from coma in cerebral malaria. Blood. 1995 Jun 1;85(11):3297-301. PMID: 7756663

Other Interesting Relationships

Perry S, de Jong BC, Solnick JV, de la Luz Sanchez M, Yang S, Lin PL, Hansen LM, Talat N, Hill PC, Hussain R, Adegbola RA, Flynn J, Canfield D, Parsonnet J Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with protection against tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2010 Jan 20;5(1):e8804. PMID: 20098711


How Serum Ferritin Varies with Age and Occupation

Leggett BA, Brown NN, Bryant SJ, Duplock L, Powell LW, Halliday JW. Factors affecting the concentrations of ferritin in serum in a healthy Australian population. Clin Chem. 1990 Jul;36(7):1350-5. PMID: 2372951

Additional Links

Impact of red wine polyphenols

Impact of herbal teas

Impact of meat consumption

Impact of other polyphenols

Fatty acid, zinc  and here




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